What does "-iasis" typically indicate in terms of medical conditions?

The suffix "-iasis" is commonly used in medical terminology to refer to an abnormal condition, particularly one that is often associated with the presence of a disease or a particular pathological process. It signifies a state that often involves a parasitic infection or an abnormal condition brought on by various factors, such as metabolic issues or the accumulation of substances within the body.

For example, "lithiasis" refers to the formation of calculi or stones (such as kidney stones), indicating an abnormal condition related to the presence of those stones. Similarly, "elephantiasis" describes a severe swelling condition, indicating an abnormal swelling often due to lymphatic obstruction.

The other answer choices do not accurately capture the specific nuance that "-iasis" conveys, which is the idea of an abnormal state rather than just a general disorder, infection, or illness. Each of those terms may have broader or different implications, but "-iasis" distinctly refers to a pathologically abnormal condition or state.